The 1905 plan, which he regarded as temporary, created a counterclockwise traffic pattern with a "safety zone" in the center of the circle for cars stopping however, the circle was too narrow for the normal flow of traffic. In a 1920 book, Eno writes that prior to the implementation of his plan, traffic went around the circle in both directions, causing accidents almost daily. The current circle was redesigned in 1905 by William Phelps Eno, a businessman who pioneered many early innovations in road safety and traffic control. In November 1904, due to the high speeds of cars passing through the circle, the New York City Police Department added tightly spaced electric lights on the inner side of the circle, surrounding the column. Eno's traffic plan William Phelps Eno's second Columbus Circle plans, developed in 1909 The IND station were designed as a single transit hub under Columbus Circle. The line, which opened in 1932, contains a 4-track, 3-platform express station at 59th Street–Columbus Circle, underneath the original IRT station. The Columbus monument was shored up during construction, and obstructions to traffic were minimized. At Columbus Circle, workers had to be careful to not disrupt the existing IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line or Columbus Circle overhead. Īn additional subway line-the Independent Subway System (IND)'s Eighth Avenue Line, serving the present-day A, B, C, and D trains-was built starting in 1925. The platforms of the IRT subway station were lengthened in 1957–1959, requiring further excavations around Columbus Circle. The station only served local trains express trains bypassed the station. By February 1904, the station underneath was largely complete, and service on the subway line began on October 27, 1904. During construction, traffic in the circle was so dangerous that the Municipal Art Society proposed redesigning the roundabout. As part of the subway line's construction, the 59th Street–Columbus Circle station was built underneath the circle. Subway construction under the Columbus monument in 1901īy 1901, construction on the first subway line of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (now the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, used by the 1, 2, and 3 trains) required the excavation of the circle, and the column and streetcar tracks through the area were put on temporary wooden stilts.
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